All sites will collect the dowels on an annual basis for a 10 year period. When the dowels are harvested, the above and below ground sections will be kept separate. If the entire 60cm length is not harvested, or if some of it is missing, then the length missing will be noted. Once the dowels are collected, the fresh and oven dry weight will be determined. Samples will be oven dried in paper bags at 55 degrees C until the mass is stable. Dowels will be rinsed with distilled water to remove adhering soil prior to drying. Any mosses, lichens, fine roots, or other plant parts that have grown into the dowels will be removed prior to harvesting. When the samples are dried, the weight will be recorded and then the samples will be sent to Oregon State University for the final oven dry weight (55 degrees C for 4 days) and preparation for chemical analysis.