In 1989, before adding herbivores, up to five individuals of each plant species in each plot were marked and measured for length of all leaves and stems. After one month and after herbivore treatments were applied, plants were re-measured to determine mortality or damage. Effects on other plant species and total biomass were determined by clipping a 0.1m x 1m strip of vegetation (that did not include any marked plants) inside each plot. Clipped vegetation was then sorted to species, dried at 45 degrees C and weighed.