The purpose of this experiment is to measure how adding nitrogen over a long time will affect the number of species, the type of species present, the amount of annual growth, and the change from year to year in the growth of each species in a plant community which is also relieved of grazing by large and small mammals. The experiment is being conducted within fields (A, B, C, and D) which were initially low in soil nutrients. There are 8 different levels of nitrogen addition with other nutrients added to ensure that nitrogen remains the limiting nutrient, and a control which receives no nutrients. There are 6 replicates of the 9 treatments in fields A, B, and C and 5 replicates in field D. The treatments were randomly assigned to the plots. In fields A, B, and C the plots are in 6 by 9 grids and are 4 by 4 meters in size with 1 meter aisles between plots. In field D the plots are 1.5 by 4 meters and are placed in a 3 by 17 grid. The plots are enclosed by a fence to keep out mammalian herbivores. Gophers are trapped and removed as they appear. Nitrogenfertilizer (NH4NO3) is applied twice per year, once in early May and once in late June. This experiment was begun in 1982 by David Tilman.
All Methods Available for e001
denotes a Cedar Creek Signature dataset.
Arthropod Data: | Descriptions of Data Fields | TAB | JMP | EXCELBiomass and Soil Data: | Descriptions of Data Fields | TAB | JMP | EXCEL
Clark, C.M.; Cleland, E.E.; Collins, S.L.; Fargione, J.E.; Gough, L.; Gross, K.L.; Pennings, S.C.; Suding, K.N.; Grace, J.B.; Environmental and plant community determinants of species loss following nitrogen enrichment. ECOLOGY LETTERS 10:596-607. 2007 [Abstract] [Full Text] e001
Gough, L.; Osenberg, C. W.; Gross, K. L.; Collins, S. L.; Fertilization effects on species density and primary productivity in herbaceous plant communities. Oikos 89(3):428-439. 2000 [Full Text] e001
Haddad, N. M.; Haarstad, J.; Tilman, D.; The effects of long-term nitrogen loading on grassland insect communities. Oecologia 124:73-84. 2000 [Full Text] e001
Hobbie, S. E.; Nitrogen Effects on Decomposition: A five-year experiment in eight temperate sites, Ecology, 89(9), 2008, pp. 2633-2644 2008 by the Ecological Society of America 2008 [Abstract] [Full Text] e001
Johnson, N. C.; Tilman, D.; Wedin, D.; Plant and soil controls on mycorrhizal fungal communities. Ecology 73(6):2034-2042. 1992 [Abstract] [Full Text] e001
Kitajima, K.; Tilman, D.; Seed banks and seedling establishment on an experimental productivity gradient. Oikos 76:381-391. 1996 [Abstract] [Full Text] e001
Knops, J. M. H.; Lehman, C. L.; "Modeling range expansions in biological invasions. Review of Shigesada, N. and Kawasaki, K., Biological Invasions: Theory and Practice. Oxford University Press, New York, 205 pp. Ecology 79:2578" 1998 [Full Text] e001
Knops, J. M. H.; Ritchie, M. E.; Tilman, D.; Selective herbivory on a nitrogen fixing legume (Lathyrus venosus) influences productivity and ecosystem nitrogen pools in an oak savanna. Ecoscience 7(2):166-174. 2000 [Full Text] e001
Pennings, S.; Clark, C. M.; Cleland, E. E.; Collins, S. L.; Gough, L.; Gross, K. L.; Milchunas, D. G.; Suding, K. N.; Do individual plant species show predictable responses to nitrogen addition across multiple experiments? Oikos 110:547-555. 2005 [Full Text] e001
Ritchie, M.; Tilman, D.; Knops, J. M. H.; Herbivore effects on plant and nitrogen dynamics in oak savanna. Ecology 79:165-177. 1998 [Abstract] [Full Text] e001
Ritchie, M.; Tilman, D.; Responses of legumes to herbivores and nutrients during succession on a nitrogen-poor soil. Ecology 76(8):2648-2655. 1995 [Abstract] [Full Text] e001
Smith, V.; Tilman, G. D.; Nekola, J. C.; "Eutrophication: impacts of excess nutrient inputs on freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. Environmental Pollution 100:179-196." 1999 [Abstract] [Full Text] e001
Spotswood, E.; Bradley, K. L.; Knops, J. M. H.; Effects of herbivory on the reproductive effort of 4 prairie perennials. BMC Ecology 2:2. 2002 [Full Text] e001
Suding, K.; Collins, S. L.; Gough, L.; Clark, C.; Cleland, E. E.; Gross, K. L.; Milchunas, D. G.; Pennings, S.; Functional- and abundance-based mechanisms explain diversity loss due to N fertilization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102:4387-4392. 2005 [Full Text] e001
Tilman, D.; "Plant Strategies and the Dynamics and Structure of Plant Communities. Monographs in Population Biology, Princeton University Press. 360 pp. (Includes a 61 page chapter on Cedar Creek LTER, and new theory relevant to Cedar Creek and cross-site comparisons.)" 1988 e001
Tilman, D.; "Carbon dioxide limitation and potential direct effects of its accumulation on plant communities. Pages 333-346 in Kareiva, P. M., J. G. Kingsolver, and R. B. Juey, Eds., Biotic Interactions and Global Change, Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA." 1993 [Abstract] [Full Text] e001
Tilman, D.; A consumer-resource approach to community structure. American Zoologist 26:5-22. 1986 [Abstract] [Full Text] e001
Tilman, D.; Biodiversity: Population versus ecosystem stability. Ecology 77(3):350-363. (Highlighted in Science 271:1497 by Anne S. Moffat.) 1996 [Abstract] [Full Text] e001
Tilman, D.; Downing, J. A.; Wedin, D. A.; "Does diversity beget stability? (scientific correspondence, reply to Givnish). Nature 371:113-114" 1994 [Full Text] e001
Tilman, D.; Lehman, C. L.; Bristow, C. E.; Diversity-stability relationships: statistical inevitability or ecological consequence? The American Naturalist 151:277-282. 1998 [Abstract] [Full Text] e001
Tilman, D.; Species richness of experimental productivity gradients: How important is colonization limitation? Ecology 74:2179-2191. 1993 [Abstract] [Full Text] e001
Tilman, D.; The resource-ratio hypothesis of succession. The American Naturalist 125:827-852. 1985 [Abstract] [Full Text] e001
Tilman, D.; Wilson, S. D.; Belcher, J. W.; Wisheu, I.; Keddy, P. A.; Tilman, D.; Morris, E. C.; Grace, J. B.; McGraw, J. B.; Olff, H.; Turkington, R.; Klein, E.; Leung, Y.; Shipley, B.; Hulst, R. van; Johansson, M. E.; Nilsson, C.; Gurevitch, J.; Beisner, B. E.; Plant competition in relation to neighbor biomass: an intercontinental study with Poa pratensis. Ecology 75:1753-1760. 1994 [Abstract] [Full Text] e001
Vitousek, P.; Aber, J. D.; Howarth, R. W.; Likens, G. E.; Matson, P. A.; Schindler, D. W.; Schlesinger, W. H.; Tilman, D. G.; Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: Sources and consequences. Ecological Applications 7:737-750. 1997 [Abstract] [Full Text] e001
Wedin, D.; Tilman, D.; "Influence of nitrogen loading and species composition on the carbon balance of grasslands. Science 274:1720-1723. (Highlighted in Science Environment 274:1610-1611 by J. Kaiser, and The New York Times December 10, 1996.)" 1996 [Abstract] [Full Text] e001
